Problems needing attention in the process of using tantalum capacitors

When the tantalum capacitor is installed on the PCB board, under the mechanical stress, when the tantalum capacitor installation is not at that time, it is easy to lead the lead to bear large stress or resonance.

The following should be taken into account when selecting and using a tantalum capacitor:

A）电路设计者为了设计出能在要求的时间内满意工作的电路，所使用的电容量允许偏差必须考虑。介质吸收；电容量与压力、振动和冲击的关系；电容量在电路中的老化和贮存条件。

A) circuit designers in order to design a circuit that can be satisfied with the work within the time required, the capacity of the capacitor to be used must be considered. Dielectric absorption; capacitance and pressure, vibration and shock; capacitance in the circuit aging and storage conditions.

B）需考虑电容器引出端和外壳之间的电容量，如果此电容量会产生杂散电容和漏电流。

B) to take into account the capacitance between the terminal and the capacitor, if this capacitance will produce stray capacitance and leakage current.

C）可以用多种电容器组合获得要求的电容量，从而补偿电容量--温度特性等。

C) can be used in combination with a variety of capacitors to obtain the required amount of capacitance, and thus the amount of compensation capacity - temperature characteristics, etc..

D）施加于电容器的峰值电压不能超过相应规范规定的额定值。通常，相同的峰值电压可能由于以下条件而降低：老化；温升；介质区域增大；外加电压频率较高；潮气进入电容器。 需要强调的一点是，不要忽视电容器在应用中的短时瞬态电压。

D) the peak voltage applied to the capacitor can not exceed the specified value of the corresponding specification. Usually, the same peak voltage may be decreased due to the following conditions: aging; temperature rise; medium voltage region increases; high frequency; moisture into the capacitor. One point to be stressed is that don't ignore the short term transient voltage in the application.

E）当电容器在高于地电位的高压下工作时，并且对绝缘采用附加绝缘时，电容器 的一个引出端要接在外壳上，因为电压分配取决于电容器芯子和外壳之间的电容量、以及外壳和底盘之间的电容量。

E) when the capacitor is higher than the ground potential under high pressure condition, and to adopt additional insulation insulation, a capacitor terminal connected to the shell, because the capacitance and voltage distribution depends on between the capacitor core and shell and the capacitance between the casing and the chassis.

F）必须根据电路的时间常数考虑充电和放电的峰值电流。

F) the peak current of charge and discharge must be considered according to the time constant of the circuit.

G) 必须考虑内部发热和环境温度。

G) must consider internal heat and ambient temperature.

H）必须考虑湿度、压力、腐蚀性大、霉菌、振动和冲击等环境因素影响。

H) must consider the influence of humidity, pressure, corrosion resistance, mold, vibration and shock and other environmental factors.

I）必须考虑绝缘电阻，尤其是在高温下的绝缘电阻。

I) must consider the insulation resistance, especially in the high temperature insulation resistance.

J）在直流电路中串联工作时，必须考虑使用平衡电阻器。

J) when working in series in a DC circuit, a balanced resistor must be considered.

K）大容量电容的有效电感量可以并联小电容器来降低。

K) the effective inductance of a large capacitance capacitor can be reduced by a parallel capacitor.

L）因为电容器具有电感，因此并联在电路中每一次工作或瞬时工作时可能产生瞬 时振荡。

L) because the capacitor has an inductance, it is possible to generate instantaneous oscillation in parallel in each work or instantaneous operation of the circuit.

M）电接触不良在低压下可能开路或产生噪声。

Poor electrical contact in low voltage M may open or produce noise.

N）电容器内储存的能量对人和设备有危险，对此应采取适当防范措施。

N) the energy stored in the capacitor is dangerous to people and equipment, and the appropriate precautions should be taken.

O）充满液体的电容器不能被倒置，因其会导致内部电晕。

O) filled with liquid capacitors can not be inverted, because it will lead to internal corona.

P）非气密封电容器可能因“呼吸”过程中受潮。

P) non - air sealed capacitors may be affected by "breathing".

钽电容器介质氧化膜具有单向导电性和整流特性，当施加反向电压时，就会有很大的电流通过，甚至造成短路而失效。因此，使用中应严格控制反向电压。 固体电解质极性钽电容一般不允许加反向电压，并且不可长期在纯交流电路中使用。若在不得已的情况下， 允许在短时间内施加小量的反向电压，其值为：25℃以下：≤10%UR 或1V（取小者） 85℃下 ≤ 5%UR 或0.5V （取小者） 125℃下≤1%UR或0.1V（取小者）。如果将电容器长期使用在有反向电压的电路中时，请选用双极性钽电容器，但也只能在极性变换而频率不太高的直流或脉动电路中使用。

Tantalum capacitor dielectric oxide film has a unidirectional conductivity and rectification characteristics, when the reverse voltage is applied, there will be a lot of current through, and even cause a short circuit failure. Therefore, the reverse voltage should be strictly controlled in the application. Solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors are generally not allowed to add reverse voltage, and can not be used in pure AC circuit for a long time. If in no circumstances, allow the reverse voltage applied amount in a short period of time, its value is below 25 DEG C: less than 10%UR or 1V (for small) 85 degrees less than or equal to 5%UR or 0.5V (for small) 125 degrees less than or equal to 1%UR or 0.1V (for small). If the capacitor is used in a circuit with reverse voltage for a long time, the use of bipolar tantalum capacitors, but also can only be in the polarity of the DC or pulse circuit frequency is not too high.

非固体电解质钽电容在出厂前都进行了可焊性检测，不存在可焊性问题，上机前不需要进行 浸锡预处理。如果必要时（如贮存两年以上，或受潮，或受酸气污染等）可作浸锡处理。 全密封固体钽电容器无论是焊接，还是浸锡处理，处理距离都应控制在技术规范规定的 离封口锡包的3.2mm 处外，温度不高于260℃，时间不大于5秒。因为全密封固体钽电容器的密封材料是焊锡，如果时间过长，温度过高，或焊接距离本体太近＜3.2mm ，都有可能造成封口锡包熔化，导致电容器受潮、不密封，影响电性能和可靠性；严重时，电容器受热后内部产生负压，把封口处焊锡吸入内部，造成腔内有多余物并短路。进行浸锡处理后的钽电容器，在额定电压、85℃下老化4～8小时，然后进行电性能测量（双极性产品应每小时换向一次，漏电流量也应两个方向分别测量）。

Non solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors are in the factory before the test, there is no problem of welding, the machine does not need to pre processing. If necessary (if stored for more than two years, or damp, or by acid gas pollution, etc.) can be used for tin treatment. Fully sealed solid tantalum capacitors, whether it is welding, or dip tin treatment, processing distance should be controlled in the technical specifications of the 3.2mm outside the sealing tin package, the temperature is not higher than 260 degrees, the time is not more than 5 seconds. Because the sealing material sealed solid tantalum capacitor is solder, if the time is too long, the temperature is too high or too close, body welding distance is less than 3.2mm, are likely to cause the sealing tin melting, lead capacitor humidity, seal, affect the electrical performance and reliability; serious, electric heated container internal negative pressure, the the seal cavity is caused by inhalation of solder, redundances and short circuit. For tantalum capacitor tin dipping treatment, at rated voltage and 85 DEG C aging 4 ~ 8 hours, and then measure the electrical properties (bipolar product per hour commutation time, leakage current should also be two directions were measured).

钽电容器一般可贮存14年以上（可焊接除外），但贮存2年以上或进行浸锡处理的钽电容器，在使用前施加额定电压、电源内阻不大于3Ω。

Tantalum capacitors can be stored for 14 years (except for welding), but storage for more than 2 years or dip tin tantalum capacitors, rated voltage is applied, the internal resistance of the power supply before the use of less than 3 ohm.

钽电容应避免超温使用。超温下会使材料的性能发改变，因产品用的各种材料 热膨胀系数不同，可能产生内部应力而使产品失效；产品在高温下长时间贮存，产品可能产生内部应力导致失效。因此，钽电容必须在标准规定的温度范围内使用。

Tantalum capacitors should be used to avoid over temperature. High temperature will make the material properties change, due to a variety of thermal products with different coefficients of expansion, may produce internal stress due to product failure; long time storage at high temperature, the product may be produced due to internal stress failure. Therefore, the tantalum capacitor must be used in the temperature range of the standard.

钽电容器的失效率是对直流额定值而言（85℃、额定电压），并且因使用条件 （环境温度、施加电压、电路电阻等）的不同而不同。在实际电路中，往往存在电压或 电流的峰值冲击及纹波电流，或其它意外电冲击，所以实际使用中降额设计是必要的。 建议一般降额至65%UR 以下，这样才能保证产品及线路的完全性。当环境温度大于85℃时，应考虑第3条降额基准下的降额。

The failure rate of the tantalum capacitor is the difference of the DC rating (85 C, rated voltage), and due to the different conditions (ambient temperature, applied voltage, circuit resistance, etc.). In the actual circuit, the voltage or current is often the peak impulse and ripple current, or other unexpected electric shock, so the actual use of the drop design is necessary. Proposed general down to 65%UR below, so as to ensure that the product and the complete line. When the ambient temperature is greater than 85, the amount of the reduction should be considered in the third article.

非固体电解质钽电容器在用湿PH试纸检漏前应充分放电，否则将会因电容器放电不完全使试纸与电容器阳极接触处呈红色；试纸与电容器阴极接触处呈兰色，导致

Non solid electrolyte tantalum capacitors in wet PH test before the leak should fully discharge, otherwise it will be due to incomplete discharge of the capacitor to the contact strip and the capacitor anode is red; the contact strip and the capacitor cathode is blue LED